INMUNOHISTOQUÍMICA
PARA EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE LOS TUMORES DE PARTES BLANDAS ( III )
El sarcoma alveolar de partes blandas tiene la
translocación t(X;17)que lleva a la fusión de ASPSCR1-TFE3 con sobre expresión
de la proteína TFE31, algo similar a lo que ocurre
en el carcinoma de células renales2 un hallazgo también descrito en algunos
PEcomas3 por lo que con
IHQ se puede identificar la proteína TFE3 en
estos tumores4,5,6.
El 50% de los tumores miofibroblásticos inflamatorios (TMI)
presentan rearreglos del gen ALK que se manifiesta por la expresión con IHQ
de la proteína ALK
7,8,9,10,11. Algunos de
estos tumores tienen predilección por el mesenterio y presentan morfología
epitelioide con un estroma mixoide infiltrado por neutrófilos y se les ha
denominado sarcoma miofibroblástico inflamatorio epitelioide12 que puede ser
positivo a CD30 por lo que puede confundirse
con los linfomas anaplásicos de células grandes. La expresión de ALK
no es exclusiva de los TMI, puede verse en RMS y en el TMVNP13, algunos neuroblastomas y
adenocarcinomas del pulmón pueden ser ALK+ 14,15. El tumor fibroso solitario
con sus variantes antes denominadas Hemangiopericitomas, y su variedad maligna
y hasta el llamado hemangiopericitoma meníngeo se caracterizan por la fusión NAB2-STAT6
16,17,18 . La IHQ del tumor fibroso solitario muestra positividad nuclear para STAT6 19.
El anticuerpo TLE1 es una proteína.20 que por IHQ sirve para
identificar el 80 a 90% de los sarcomas sinoviales21. TLE1 puede verse también en algunos casos de tumor fibroso
solitario y en TMVNP y es negativo en el sarcoma de Ewing22. El sarcoma fibromixoide de bajo grado caracterizado
por t(7;16), expresa una mucina de alto peso molecular, MUC4 que normalmente se ve en la
superficie de epitelios glandulares23,24
Referencias
1.
Ladanyi M, Lui MY, Antonescu CR et al. The der(17) t(X;17) (p11;q25)
of human alveolar soft part sarcoma fuses the TFE3 transcription factor gene to
ASPL, a novel gene at 17q25. Oncogene
2001, 20:48–57.
2.
Argani P, Antonescu CR, Illei PB et al. Primary renal neoplasms with
the ASPL-TFE3 gene fusion of alveolar soft part sarcoma: a distinctive tumor
entity previously included among renal cell carcinomas of children and
adolescents. Am J Pathol 2001,159:179–192.
3.
Argani P, Aulmann S, Illei PB et al. A distinctive subset of PEComas
harbors TFE3 gene fusions. Am J Surg Pathol 2010, 34:1395–1406.
4.
Antonescu CR, Le Loarer F, Mosquera
JM et al. Novel YAP1-TFE3 fusion defines a distinct subset of
epithelioid hemangioendothelioma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013,
52:775–784.
5.
Argani P, Lal P, Hutchinson B et al. Aberrant nuclear
immunoreactivity for TFE3 in neoplasms with TFE3 gene fusions: a sensitive and
specific immunohistochemical assay. Am J Surg Pathol 2003, 27:750–761.
6.
Cessna MH, Zhou H, Sanger WG et al. Expression of ALK1 and p80 in
inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and its mesenchymal mimics: a study of 135
cases. Mod Pathol 2002,15:931–938.
7.
Chan JK, Cheuk W, Shimizu M. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase expression in
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8.
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comparison of clinicopathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical features
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9.
Coffin CM, Patel A, Perkins S et al. ALK1 and p80 expression and
chromosomal rearrangements involving 2p23 in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor.
Mod Pathol 2001, 14:569–576.
10.
Cook JR, Dehner LP, Collins MH et al. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase
(ALK) expression in the inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: a comparative
immunohistochemical study. Am J Surg Pathol 2001, 25:1364–1371.
11.
Marino-Enriquez A, Wang WL, Roy A et al. Epithelioid inflammatory
myofibroblastic sarcoma: An aggressive intra-abdominal variant of inflammatory
myofibroblastic tumor with nuclear membrane or perinuclear ALK. Am J Surg
Pathol 2011, 35:135–144.
12.
Yoshida A, Shibata T, Wakai S et al. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase
status in rhabdomyosarcomas. Mod Pathol 2013, 26:772–781.
13.
Sholl LM, Weremowicz S, Gray SW et al. Combined use of ALK
immunohistochemistry and FISH for optimal detection of ALK-rearranged lung
adenocarcinomas. J Thorac Oncol 2013,8:322–328.
14.
Conklin CM, Craddock KJ, Have C et al. Immunohistochemistry is a
reliable screening tool for identification of ALK rearrangement in
non-small-cell lung carcinoma and is antibody dependent. J Thorac Oncol 2013, 8:45–51.
15.
Chmielecki J, Crago AM, Rosenberg M et al. Whole-exome sequencing
identifies a recurrent NAB2-STAT6 fusion in solitary fibrous tumors. Nat Genet
2013, 45:131–132.
16.
Mohajeri A, Tayebwa J, Collin A et al. Comprehensive genetic
analysis identifies a pathognomonic NAB2/STAT6 fusion gene, nonrandom secondary
genomic imbalances, and a characteristic gene expression profile in solitary
fibrous tumor. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013, 52:873–886.
17.
Robinson DR, Wu YM, Kalyana-Sundaram S et al. Identification of
recurrent NAB2-STAT6 gene fusions in solitary fibrous tumor by integrative
sequencing. Nat Genet 2013, 45:180–185.
18.
Schweizer L, Koelsche C, Sahm Fet al.Meningeal hemangiopericytoma and
solitary fibrous tumors carry the NAB2-STAT6 fusion and can be diagnosed by
nuclear expression of STAT6 protein. Acta Neuropathol 2013, 125:651–658.
19.
Doyle LA, Vivero M, Fletcher CD et al. Nuclear expression of STAT6 distinguishes
solitary fibrous tumor from histologic mimics. Mod Pathol advance online
publication, 13 September 2013, doi:10.1038/modpathol.2013,164 (e-pub ahead of
print).
20.
Terry J, Saito T, Subramanian S et
al. TLE1 as a diagnostic immunohistochemical marker for synovial sarcoma
emerging from gene expression profiling studies. Am J Surg Pathol 2007, 31:240–246.
21.
Foo WC, Cruise MW, Wick MR et al. Immunohistochemical staining for TLE1
distinguishes synovial sarcoma from histologic mimics. Am J Clin Pathol 2011, 135:839–844.
22.
Jagdis A, Rubin BP, Tubbs RR et al. Prospective evaluation of TLE1 as a
diagnostic immunohistochemical marker in synovial sarcoma. Am J Surg Pathol
2009, 33:1743–1751.
23.
Kosemehmetoglu K, Vrana JA, Folpe AL. TLE1 expression is not specific for
synovial sarcoma: a whole section study of 163 soft tissue and bone neoplasms.
Mod Pathol 2009, 22:872–878.
24.
Moller E, Hornick JL, Magnusson L et al. FUS-CREB3L2/L1-positive sarcomas
show a specific gene expression profile with upregulation of CD24 and FOXL1.
Clin Cancer Res 2011,17:2646–2656.
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